Trial without a jury.

There will be an appeal before the Lord Chief Justice and two other Court of Appeal judges, sitting at the Old Bailey for security reasons. The issue is as to the convictions being 'unsafe' following the first serious trial without a jury in England & Wales. It had taken place after the Court of Appeal ruled there had been a significant risk of jury tampering. It is to be noted that the trial was the fourth attempt to try the  defendants Twomey, Blake, Hibberd and Cameron. Also, the trial apparently cost over 25 million pounds. Sentences ranged from life to 15 years. Jury trials have changed considerably during the author's decades of experience. One example is the abolition of peremptory challenges in jury selection, which are still in use in the USA and can be seen in many a movie.